Roman Wives, Roman Widows: The Appearance of New Women and the Pauline Communities
Roman Wives, Roman Widows: The Appearance of New Women and the Pauline Communities

Roman Wives, Roman Widows: The Appearance of New Women and the Pauline Communities

by Bruce W. Winter

5 Rank Score: 5.1 from 1 reviews, 0 featured collections, and 0 user libraries
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Pages 256
Publisher Eerdmans
Published 2003
ISBN-13 9780802849717
In Roman law you were what you wore. This legal principle became highly significant because, beginning in the first century A.D., a "new" kind of woman emerged across the Roman empire — a woman whose provocative dress and sometimes promiscuous lifestyle contrasted starkly with the decorum of the traditional married woman. What a woman chose to wear came to identify her as either "new" or "modest."

Augustus legislated against the "new" woman. Philosophical schools encouraged their followers to avoid embracing her way of life. And, as this fascinating book demonstrates for the first time, the presence of the "new" woman was also felt in the early church, where Christian wives and widows were exhorted to emulate neither her dress code nor her conduct.

Using his extensive knowledge both of the Graeco-Roman world and of the New Testament writings, Bruce Winter shows how changing social mores among women impacted the Pauline communities. This helps to explain the controversial texts on marriage veils in 1 Corinthians, instructions in 1 Timothy regarding dress code and the activities of young widows, and exhortations in Titus for older women to call new wives "back to their senses" regarding their marriage and family responsibilities.

Based on a close investigation of neglected literary and archaeological evidence, "Roman Wives, Roman Widows" makes groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of first-century women, including their participation in public life as lawyers, magistrates, and political figures, which in turn affected women's ministry in the Pauline communities.

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Review of Biblical Literature (RBL) (Jennifer Knust) Review of Biblical Literature (RBL) August 1, 2004
Bruce W. Winters new book seeks to place the injunctions found in the Pauline and pseudo-Pauline letters regarding womens dre ss, comportment, and behavior within the larger legal, philosophical, and epigraphical context of the early empire. Toward that end, Professor Winter cites relevant ancient sources freely, provides lengthy translations of key primary texts, and discusses the major conclusions of classicists who have studied Roman women. At the close of the book, he includes a helpful appendix containing important evidence for womens participation in civic affairs, in Greek with accompanying English translations. This volume will appeal to students and scholars interested in the sociohistorical setting of Pauline argumentation. Professor Winter provides a broad yet specific social background to Pauls instructions about veiling in the Corinthian church (ch. 5) and to the numerous concerns regarding womens dress, behavior, and appearance expr essed by the author of the Pastorals (chs. 68). Part 1 of the book (chs. 24: The A ppearance of New Wives; New Wives and New Legislation; New Wives and Philosophical Responses) argues that beginning in the first century B.C.E. a new woman appeared on the scene. She was promiscuous, passionate, and cultured, imitating the avant-garde behavior of the elite women of Rome, especially the women of the imperial household. [Full Review]