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When in Romans: An Invitation to Linger with the Gospel according to Paul (Theological Explorations for the Church Catholic) Paperback – November 15, 2016
When reading the book of Romans, we often focus on the quotable passages, making brief stopovers and not staying long enough to grasp some of the big ideas it contains. Instead of raiding Paul's most famous letter for a passage here or a theme there, leading New Testament scholar Beverly Roberts Gaventa invites us to linger in Romans. She asks that we stay with the letter long enough to see how Romans reframes our tidy categories and dramatically enlarges our sense of the gospel.
Containing profound insights written in accessible prose and illuminating references to contemporary culture, this engaging book explores the cosmic dimensions of the gospel that we read about in Paul's letter. Gaventa focuses on four key issues in Romans--salvation, identity, ethics, and community--that are crucial both for the first century and for our own. As she helps us navigate the book of Romans, she shows that the gospel is far larger, wilder, and more unsettling than we generally imagine it to be.
- Print length160 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBaker Academic
- Publication dateNovember 15, 2016
- Dimensions5.75 x 0.75 x 8.5 inches
- ISBN-10080109738X
- ISBN-13978-0801097386
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Editorial Reviews
From the Inside Flap
"Anyone who has difficulty imagining that a book on Paul's Epistle to the Romans could be a 'page-turner' should read this one. Beverly Roberts Gaventa's prose is compelling, her insights on Romans are startlingly original, and her ability to show us in Paul's letter 'the gospel in its vastness' is simply breathtaking. This book is to be savored."
--Thomas G. Long, Candler School of Theology, Emory University
"There are many books on Romans, but none quite like this one. Steeped in learning but accessible to a broad spectrum of readers, written with pastoral insight and welcome flashes of humor, here is a gift to Christians and inquirers alike. Gaventa invites us to enter the grand metropolis that is Romans, wander in its streets, relish its conversations, and be made new by its radical Lord."
--Susan Grove Eastman, Duke Divinity School
"Beverly Gaventa has produced that rarest of books, combining careful, exquisite scholarship with her eye for humanizing, delightful detail. Her writing is both sophisticated and accessible as she tackles Paul's complex notions of individual and cosmic salvation. I am one of those Gaventa identifies who, more frequently than I like to admit, opted for the Gospel reading rather than grappling with Paul's sometimes tortured logic. Looking back, I would have loved turning to When in Romans."
--John M. Buchanan, former editor and publisher, The Christian Century
From the Back Cover
--Brian Blount, Union Presbyterian Seminary
"This is a book the church has long needed. Professor Gaventa pulls back the thin veneer of familiarity to introduce us to the high drama in Paul's Letter to the Romans. Her writing is both scholarly and accessible, ancient and contemporary, theological and pastoral."
--M. Craig Barnes, Princeton Theological Seminary
"From the beginning of the Christian era until the present day, Paul's Letter to the Romans has been the source of revolutionary rethinking. Nowhere do we come closer to the radical heart of the gospel. The universal and cosmic notes of the Pauline symphony are sounded in this book by one of our most esteemed interpreters of the apostle's letters. Beverly Gaventa has written a book for ordinary parish clergy and laypeople that is fun to read and full of spicy references to popular culture, and that will jolt readers into a new appreciation for the great apostle and his unique place in the history of Christian theology."
--Fleming Rutledge, author of Not Ashamed of the Gospel: Sermons on Romans and The Crucifixion: Understanding the Death of Jesus Christ
"No one makes Romans come alive quite like Beverly Gaventa. In this highly accessible but provocative book--aimed at a wide Christian audience--she challenges our domesticated construals of Paul's gospel with a vision of God's comprehensive saving agency. If the starting point and the primary subject matter of the letter is not us but God, we are suddenly liberated from our excessive anxieties about ourselves, the church, and 'ethics.' Here are 3-D lenses to see Romans, the gospel, and the reality of God's grace, power, and mystery in a new and exciting way."
--John M. G. Barclay, Durham University
"When in Romans is deceptively accessible and lighthearted, so that readers are not immediately aware of being drawn into deep and rewarding engagement with Paul's complex text. But once inside and grappling with its intricacies, they are led securely through by Beverly Gaventa's experienced and unfailing judgment."
--Carolyn Osiek, RSCJ, Brite Divinity School
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- Publisher : Baker Academic (November 15, 2016)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 160 pages
- ISBN-10 : 080109738X
- ISBN-13 : 978-0801097386
- Item Weight : 11.1 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.75 x 0.75 x 8.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,067,585 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1,946 in Paul's Letters (Books)
- #3,480 in New Testament Criticism & Interpretation
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A feeling of slight trepidation when embarking on a study of Romans might then actually be entirely appropriate. It’s a shame, though, when this causes Christians to shy away from reading the letter at all. “[While] it is clearly a book that challenges the best minds in the community,” Eugene Peterson points out, “The scholars are here to help us read it, not read it for us” (2009, p.261).
Hopefully, these introductory comments can help us better appreciate the usefulness of Beverly Roberts Gaventa’s brief and illuminating book, When in Romans: An Invitation to Linger with the Gospel according to Paul. In it, she reflects theologically on the significance of Paul’s letter for those who might not otherwise know where to start. As Gaventa explains in the preface, “This book on Romans is intended for people who would not normally read a book about Romans” (p.xiii).
Getting off the Tourist Path
The book’s title comes from the well-worn phrase, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” (p.1). Gaventa explains that:
I use the saying by way of introducing the question: What happens to readers, hearers, teachers, and preachers of the church in the early part of the twenty-first century, when we are “in Romans”? My own impression… is that we are seldom in Romans for very long. At most, we make weekend visits… It is as if we ride through Romans on one of those hop-on, hop-off tourist buses, seeing the same highlights every time… We never notice that we are in a vast metropolitan area. (pp.1-3)
She wants her audience to get off the tourist path and explore the larger, more expansive world of the letter because Romans “confronts us with the universal, cosmic horizon of the good news” (p.3). The main body of the book is composed of four chapters with titles like “When in Romans… Watch the Horizon” and “When in Romans… Consider Abraham”. These titles function as helpful guidelines for those learning how to get around in Paul’s letter for themselves. As she works through the letter with her audience, Gaventa does engage (at least in the footnotes) with some of the more important scholarly issues like the translational and interpretative debates surrounding the phrase dikaiosynê theou, but for the most part she stays out of the weeds.
Gaventa judges most readings of Romans to be too restrictive and overly-focused on the individual. She argues that “a prolonged and careful study of Romans means finding that salvation is far more complex, more cosmic, more challenging that we have usually imagined” (p.27). In her eyes, Paul’s understanding of salvation goes beyond the individual and in some ways even the communal level:
Paul’s understanding of salvation is cosmic. Salvation concerns God’s powerful action in Jesus Christ to reclaim humanity, individual and corporate, from the powers of Sin and Death… The problem is that actual powers, prominent among them Sin and Death, hold humanity in their grasp. God has interceded in the death and resurrection of Jesus to break their power… but the struggle between God and the powers continues until God’s final triumph, the redemption of the whole of creation. (p.41)
Obviously, it’s not that Gaventa thinks the individual and corporate dimensions of salvation are unimportant (p.46). It seems to me that for her, something is lost if our understanding of salvation ends there. She wants her audience to see that these individual and communal aspects of salvation are taken up and included within an even larger, more expansive vision of salvation: “What we… need to hear is Paul’s understanding that the gospel encompasses the cosmos, the whole of creation—all the way out and all the way down in human life” (p.46). I would suggest that from her point of view, the redemptive action of God in Christ can be seen as the in-breaking of salvation, the trampling of death by death, and the inauguration of God’s renewal of all creation. Much of what Gaventa presents in this book will be somewhat familiar to those already acquainted with the writings of scholars like J. Louis Martyn, J. Christian Beker, Ernst Käsemann, and other advocates of the “apocalyptic” approach to Paul.
Gaventa and the Apocalyptic Approach to Paul
That should come as no great surprise, though. After all, Gaventa studied with J. Louis Martyn at Union Theological Seminary in the 1970’s and is herself frequently listed as one of the more influential adherents of the apocalyptic perspective. The category of apocalyptic, unfortunately, can become pretty vague, so Michael Bird’s broad-brush sketch is helpful here:
On such a reading, Paul’s gospel is said to be about God’s liberating invasion of the cosmos, decisively revealed in the faithfulness, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, which wages a cosmic battle against the powers on the very site of Jesus’ crucified body. The result is that, through Christ and the gift of the Spirit, there comes a whole new regime, a new creation. (2016, pp.108-109)
It seems safe to say that Bird’s description resonates quite well with the major themes of Gaventa’s work in When in Romans. Before we shift to the conclusion, I do want to briefly examine the somewhat contentious issue regarding how advocates of the apocalyptic in Paul understand the Apostle in relation to other forms of Second Temple Judaism. For some apocalyptic Pauline scholars, there is stark discontinuity between Paul’s past and present, to the point that Paul ends up repudiating Israel’s history and minimizing the importance of any overarching covenantal narratives.
However, it seems to me that the categories of apocalyptic and covenantal in Paul don’t always have to be held in opposition. The apocalyptic approach highlights important Pauline themes that others have too-often missed, but I side with Bird when he claims that, “Properly understood, an apocalypse is the climax of god’s saving purpose for his people, not a whole new start, and certainly not a repudiation of the past” (2016, p.121). Similarly, Richard Hays gives some needed nuance when he writes that, “God’s ‘apocalyptic’ act in Christ does not simply shatter and sweep away creation and covenant; rather, it hermeneutical reconfigures creation and covenant… in light of cross and resurrection” (2014, p.205). Within this more nuanced, moderate framework, I think the apocalyptic approach still has an important contribution to how we understand Paul. Regardless, I’d be very interested to listen more to how Gaventa thinks about these matters.
Conclusion
When in Romans is a lively and conversational introduction to Paul’s letter to the Romans, oriented especially to those without much experience working through the text. My hope is that it will lead many to read Romans slowly and with a fresh perspective, straying from the most commonly read passages to spend more time with the letter as a whole. For those already familiar with Paul’s writings and possessing an abiding interest in Pauline scholarship, this book also gives a good sketch of what comes to the forefront when Paul’s letter to the Romans is approached with an apocalyptic lens.
One thing I missed while reading the pages of When in Romans was extended engagement with other Pauline scholars and interpretive perspectives. I’m not without hope, though, because Gaventa is also composing a larger academic commentary on Romans. The glimpse this little book gives of her perspective on Paul leads me to anticipate that her upcoming commentary will make a refreshing and thought-provoking contribution to the ongoing conversation that takes place as the Church wrestles with Romans and lives in light of it, along with the rest of the biblical canon. I’m looking forward to reading it.
Other Works Cited
Bird, Michael F. An Anomalous Jew: Paul among Jews, Greeks, and Romans. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2016.
Gorman, Michael J. Apostle of the Crucified Lord: A Theological Introduction to Paul and His Letters. 1st Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2004.
Hays, Richard B. “Apocalyptic Poiesis in Galatians: Paternity, Passion, and Participation.” In Galatians and Christian Theology: Justification, the Gospel, and Ethics in Paul’s Letter, edited by Mark W. Elliott, Scott J. Hafemann, N.T. Wright, and John Frederick, 200-219. Grand Rapids: MI: Baker Academic, 2014.
Peterson, Eugene H. “The Letter of Paul to the Romans.” In The Life With God Bible: with the Deuterocanonical Books, edited by Richard J. Foster, Gayle Beebe, Lynda L. Graybeal, Thomas C. Oden, Dallas Willard, Walter Brueggemann, and Eugene H. Peterson, 261-265. New York, NY: HarperOne, 2009.
*Disclosure: I received this book free from Baker Academic for review purposes. The opinions I have expressed are my own, and I was not required to write a positive review.
**More theology book reviews can be found at Tabletalktheology.com
She begins by setting up what we can know about the setting, and likewise critiques some overreach in some other treatments.
The chapters which traces significant themes of sin/salvation; righteousness; worship; community; and the Jewish problem throughout the book. The threads she knits together move past the simplistic, and are convincing.
Where she loses me is in the conclusion. Her argument that "all" is necessarily universal as it stretches to salvation seems to ignore much of what Paul himself wrote in Romans.
Yes, sin is universal. Salvation is universally available. But universal availability doesn't suggest universal application.
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While a full commentary on Romans from Gaventa is in the works, this short book is a collection of essays which are united by the conviction that Romans is much larger, much grander, and much more interesting than is often recognized. While Paul’s letters to the Romans provides, for Protestants, some of the most well-known verses in Scripture, Gaventa contends that most Christians have not paid enough attention to the letter as a whole and to the overall shape of Paul’s argument. Gaventa’s collection of essays is an invitation to linger in Romans and encounter the breath-taking scope of the Apostle Paul’s theological vision.
The first essay picks up on some of the predominant themes of her previous work, "Our Mother Saint Paul", arguing that salvation must be understood for Paul in terms of an apocalyptic drama played out against a cosmic backdrop. The second essay explores the place of Israel in Paul’s thought. While much interpretation has focused on the anthropological dimension of Israel’s faithfulness, or lack thereof, Gaventa argues that Israel, in Paul’s thought, can only be properly understood from a theological perspective. Israel is the creation of God. In the third essay, Gaventa attempts to re-frame discussions surrounding the relationship between the indicative and the imperative in Paul, by situation both within the context of worship. The final essay of the collection brings Paul’s discussion of dietary practices in Romans 14-15 to bear on the anxiety associated with the challenges confronting the contemporary North American Church. A short reflection upon the recurring presence of the pronoun ‘all’ in the letter and its radical implications stands as the conclusion to the book.
