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Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls (The Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library) Paperback – January 1, 1992
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- Print length370 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherYale University Press
- Publication dateJanuary 1, 1992
- Dimensions8.97 x 6.03 x 0.96 inches
- ISBN-100274746689
- ISBN-13978-0300140170
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- ASIN : 0300140177
- Publisher : Yale University Press (January 1, 1992)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 370 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0274746689
- ISBN-13 : 978-0300140170
- Item Weight : 1.25 pounds
- Dimensions : 8.97 x 6.03 x 0.96 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,776,250 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #373 in Dead Sea Scrolls Church History
- #3,271 in History of Judaism
- #4,439 in Jesus, the Gospels & Acts (Books)
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For example, although some eschatological exegesis and scriptural preferences between Jesus and the Essene community at Qumrân can be catalogued, Jesus' ministry was also profoundly different from the Essenes, as well as different from other Jewish leaders including the Pharisees. The Essenes were exclusionary and ritualistic, Jesus demonstrated an inclination to accept all sincere followers. Jesus' parables could be comprehended by all (at least superficially), while the Dead Sea Scrolls are often noted for their obtuseness. The Essenes were even stricter with their interpretation of Mosaic law than the Pharisees. Jesus took a more liberal view on this matter. Yet both groups were devoted to prayer and both acknowledged "the Holy Spirit" (rwh hqws) as did other Jewish leaders.
Comparisons between Essene writings and the Torah abound. For example, Deuteronomy 21:22 commands that a capital offense be punished by death followed by hanging upon a tree for public display. However in the Temple Scroll, this sequence is reversed--the delinquent is to be hanged until death--i.e., crucifixion. Further comparison of symbolic references are made between Jesus and the Essenes. The Qumrân community placed great emphasis on sacrifice and atonement in the Temple at Jerusale--in fact, the Righteous Teacher referred to in many scrolls is thought by some scholars to have been a High Priest and a member of the Zadok family line. Jesus, on the other hand, regarded the Temple as a house of prayer and offered forgiveness outside of the temple cult. The scrolls prepared the community about the coming war against the "sons of darkness", while Jesus instructed his disciples to love their enemies--including Gentiles. The common meal for Essenes signified a conformity to purity rituals, while Christians came to accept this as an expression of Jesus' sacrifice. A later chapter comments on how Jesus saw the Temple and the taxes collected on its behalf as an oppression of the poor.
One item of concern for biblical scholars has been the apparent discrepancy between the synoptic gospels and the account in John regarding the Last Supper--the former indicate this was the Passover meal, while the latter synchronizes Jesus' death with the slaughter of the paschal lamb. Scholars have established that two liturgical calendars were in use in the first century--this may account for the scriptural difference. Another matter commented on was how Jesus regarded impurity. The Jewish society in the first century did not employ precise conceptual definitions but used norms based on law. Jesus considered persons to be defiled only by sin (against God), not by ritual.
Many contemporary researchers have suggested that Jesus did not recognize his divinity or messianic authority. This contention is swiftly dispatched in a chapter written by Charlesworth himself by examining the parable of the vineyard (Matthew 21:33-46, Mark 12:1-9, Luke 20:9-19) in which Jesus clearly intends to be identified as the landlord's murdered son. The chapter also includes an analysis on the hymns of the Righteous Teacher as a gardener of eternal planting. In the following chapter, Jesus' criticism of the Essenes is interpreted from the parable of the unjust steward (Luke 16:1-9) including a reference to the prudent economic contacts maintained by the worldly compared to the isolated "sons of light"--a term used by the Essenes to describe themselves. Additional chapters describe archeological investigations regarding the primitive Christian community in first century Jerusalem. A search for the room of the Last Supper is described along with the Essene quarter in the city. Another chapter describes the remains of a crucified man and clinical conclusions that can be drawn therefrom. The final chapter describes the tradition for the ascension of the risen Christ into heaven and the divinity ascribed to Jesus by Christians--according to John's gospel, Christ was logos, God's intermediary form and "light" for the world. This volume, therefore, is a treasure trove of background information for Christians seeking a more complete understanding of the era in which Christ ministered.
Pseudepigrapha v. 1 & 2. I read his bio and learned of the struggles he had at that time fighting the Christian board to even get the Dead Sea Scrolls findings published, because it was Judeo and Christain (Messianic) teachings. I respect him greatly and trust his overseeing.